Comparison of biochemical properties and thermal inactivation of membrane‐bound polyphenol oxidase from three apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh)

A comparative study of the properties of membrane‐bound polyphenol oxidase (mPPO) from three apple cultivars, namely Red Fuji (FJ), Granny Smith (GS) and Golden Delicious (GD), was carried out for the first time. Data indicate that mPPOs from three cultivars exhibit significantly different properties. GS mPPO had the strongest affinity to catechol, but FJ mPPO had the highest maximum velocity. Red Fuji (FJ) mPPO had the significantly higher activity than those of GD and GS mPPOs. Red Fuji (FJ) mPPO had the highest activity at pH 8.00, while GD and GS mPPOs at 4.50 and 7.50–8.00, respectively. Red Fuji (FJ) mPPO was more stable than GD and GS mPPOs over the pH range of 5.0–8.5. The optimal temperature for GS mPPO was within 70–75 °C, which is higher than those for mPPOs from FJ and GD. Thermal inactivation of the three mPPOs followed a first‐order kinetic model with different inactivation kinetic parameters.     

基于优化上界的高平均效用项集垂直挖掘算法

高平均效用项集挖掘是当前研究的热点之一。针对高平均效用项集挖掘算法产生大量无意义的候选项集,而导致高内存消耗和运行时间长的问题,提出了dMHAUI算法。首先定义了集成矩阵Q,并提出了4种基于垂直数据库表示的紧凑平均效用上界及3种有效的修剪策略;将高平均效用项集挖掘所需的信息存储于IDUL结构树,利用改进的diffset技术快速计算项集的平均效用和上界;最后通过递归调用搜索函数得到高平均效用项集。与EHAUPM算法和MHAI算法进行仿真比较,结果表明,dMHAUI算法在运行时间、连接比较次数和可扩展性等方面都有较优的性能。     

A fast branch,bound and remember algorithm for disassembly line balancing problem

In recent years, the interests of disassembly line have increased owing to economic reasons and the increase of environmental awareness. Effective line can provide many advantages in terms of economic aspect and it facilitates competition the companies with others. This study contributes to the relevant literature by a branch, bound and remember algorithm for disassembly line balancing problem with AND/OR precedence. The proposed exact solution method employs the memory-based dominance rule to eliminate the reduplicated sub-problems by storing all the searched sub-problems and to utilise cyclic best-first search strategy to obtain high-quality complete solutions fast. In this paper, minimising the number of stations is taken as the performance measure. The proposed methodology is tested on a set of 260 instances and compared with the mathematical model using CPLEX solver and five well-known metaheuristics. Computational results show that the proposed method is capable of obtaining the optimal solutions for all the tested instances with less than 0.1?seconds on average. Additionally, comparative study demonstrates that the proposed method is the state-of-the-art algorithm and outperforms the CPLEX solver and metaheuristics in terms of both solution quality and search speed aspects.     

冬瓜山铜矿床地质特征及找矿方向

冬瓜山铜矿床的矿体可分为层控矽卡岩型和斑岩型。层控矽卡岩型矿体铜金属量达100万t,受五通组与黄龙组之间的层间滑脱构造和岩体控制。斑岩型矿体位于层控矽卡岩型矿体下部,规模可达中型,含矿岩体是包村岩体和青山脚岩体,岩性为石英二长闪长(斑)岩,矿化蚀变作用强烈,形成了环(带)状矿化蚀变,矿化富集部位发生在石英—钾长石化带内。不同类型矿体组成了矽卡岩型—斑岩型—热液型成矿系列。冬瓜山矿床东南侧深部有找矿远景。     

岩土边坡稳定性的刚体有限元上限分析法

刚体有限元法与极限分析相结合为求解边坡稳定性问题提供了新的方法。采用刚体有限单元离散边坡计算区域，同时构造运动许可速度场，在满足屈服条件、流动法则、虚功方程以及相应的边界条件的基础上，引入非线性数学规划方法求解最小安全系数。几个算例说明了该方法的正确性和可行性。     

论深基坑支护的空间效应

深基坑是一个复杂的三维空间问题。本文借助于坑壁土体的三维破坏模式，基于土的塑性上限理论及极限平衡分析理论，探讨了两坑壁端部对坑壁支护结构上土压力的整体屏蔽作用，提出了考虑空间效应的土压力计算公式。该计算公式可用于基坑护坡桩、地下连续墙等支护系统的设计。     

岩质边坡稳定塑性极限分析方法——斜分条法

基于塑性极限分析上限定理,依据岩质边坡沿某一滑裂面滑动破坏时,在其内部产生沿陡倾角结构面(断层、节理和层面)的剪切破坏现象,建立了岩质边坡极限分析斜分条法破坏模式。进一步根据滑体处于极限状态时的虚功率方程,推导得出了斜分条后岩质边坡的塑性极限分析稳定系数计算公式。采用超载系数的方法,将稳定系数表示在块体所受的极限荷载,避免了隐式出现,有效地简化了公式推导。以锦屏一级水电站右岸边坡为例进行了稳定性分析。计算表明,结论较为合理,对于具有倾斜界面的岩质边坡稳定性评价具有重要意义。     

隧道围岩压力运动单元上限有限元计算方法

针对隧道围岩压力与破坏模式问题,应用刚体平动运动单元上限有限元方法（UBFEM-RTME）与程序开展计算分析,获得了支护反力系数N_γ及N_c上限解曲线图和围岩有效间断线网破坏模式及其演变规律。与多种基于假定破坏机构的刚性块体上限法及模型实验结果进行对比分析,验证了UBFEM-RTME方法获得的支护反力上限解为极限分析上限理论框架内的较优解答,并且N_γ及N_c上限解与太沙基围岩压力解答变化趋势基本一致。除N_γ及N_c上限解外,UBFEM-RTME方法获得的隧道围岩有效间断线网破坏模式存在多种形态特征,大致涵盖了既有文献关于围岩破坏机构假定的多种型式,体现出该方法能摆脱假定破坏机构的限制,应用于隧道围岩压力求解具有良好适用性。     

钢筋混凝土框架梁—柱—节点系统破坏界限的研究

通过大量框架节点试验资料的分析,可以发现：当梁先出现塑性铰,则柱和节点再出现塑性铰或达到极限强度就比较困难;柱先出现塑性铰,则梁和节点得到某种保护;反之,节点先出现破坏,则梁、柱不再出现塑性铰;我们谓之梁－柱－节点系统的”自动保护“现象根据理论分析得出梁－柱－节点系统的破坏界限。     

支护结构上水土压力计算微观分析

以土体渗流为基础，通过对土颗粒间孔隙水状态的微观分析，结果表明：非粘性土的孔隙水是连通的，宜用水土分算方法计算水土压力；粘性土团粒间孔隙水的连通状态决定于团粒接触点附近渗透结合水膜的粘滞力和外界水力梯度的渗透力之间平衡状况；计算粘性土的水土压力时，微观分析认为，水土压力分算与合算是粘性土水土压力计算的最大和最小极限值。基坑几乎无渗流时，宜用水土合算方法计算。实例分析认为，存在渗流作用时，用水土分算方法计算水土压力偏于安全。